The light production is directly proportional to the amount of AFP in the specimen. A chemiluminescent substrate is added to the reaction vessel and light generated by the reaction is measured with a luminometer. After incubation in a reaction vessel, materials bound by the solid phase are held in a magnetic field while unbound materials are washed away. The AFP in the specimen binds to the immobilized monoclonal anti-AFP on the solid phase while, at the same time, the monoclonal anti-AFP-alkaline phosphatase conjugate reacts with different antigenic sites on the specimen AFP. A specimen is added to a reaction vessel with mouse monoclonal anti-AFP alkaline phosphatase conjugate, and paramagnetic particles coated with a second mouse monoclonal anti-AFP antibody. The Beckman Coulter Access alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) immunoassay is a 2-site immunoenzymatic sandwich assay. The instrument used is the Beckman Coulter UniCel DXI 800. The biological half-life of AFP is approximately 5 days. AFP is a valuable aid in the management of nonseminomatous testicular cancer patients when used in conjunction with information available from the clinical. Persistence of AFP in the mother following birth is a rare hereditary condition.(2) Neonates have markedly elevated AFP levels (>100,000 ng/mL) that rapidly fall to below 100 ng/mL by 150 days and gradually return to normal over their first year.(2)Ĭoncentrations of AFP above the reference range also have been found in the serum of patients with benign liver disease (eg, viral hepatitis, cirrhosis), gastrointestinal tract tumors, and along with carcinoembryonic antigen, in ataxia telangiectasia. Elevated AFP concentrations are found in 50% to 70% of patients with nonseminomatous testicular tumors.(1)ĪFP is elevated during pregnancy. Most studies report elevated AFP concentrations in approximately 70% of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein that is produced in early fetal life by the liver and by a variety of tumors including hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatoblastoma, and nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the ovary and testis (eg, yolk sac and embryonal carcinoma).
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